Water quality – Wastewater treatment standards in different countries
In most developed countries, standards for wastewater treatment are continuously improving. Compared to the 1970s the effluent requirements for the most important pollutant indicators BOD, Nitrates and Phosphorus have steadily increased. For example, in the United states the clean water act from 1972 demands that all Municipal sewage treatment plants (POTW) are required to meet […]
Solid liquid waste management – Waste sludge handling
Municipal and industrial wastewater undergoes various treatment steps in WWTPs before it is released back into rivers and other waterways. In secondary clarifiers most sludge is collected and recycled back to the aeration basin to generate a stable and productive activated sludge for nutrient removal. However, as more and more sludge enters the plant over […]
Activated sludge process – Upgrade with IFAS
After explaining how the activated sludge process works in part 1 we are now taking a closer look on how to increase the wastewater treatment capacity of ASP with IFAS systems. IFAS stands for integrated fixed film activated sludge and describes the combination of fill media attached growth systems with the activated sludge process. The […]
Activated sludge process and IFAS – Design rules + guideline
Activated sludge is worldwide the most used suspended growth process in wastewater treatment. The treatment process can include different steps, but most commonly are: Screening and grit removal to filter out debris Primary clarifier for particle sedimentation Biological treatment with activated sludge consisting of an aeration basin, secondary clarifier and recycle stream Disinfection for […]
Wastewater treatment process description
Wastewater Treatment Plant Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are facilities created to remove contaminants from effluents. These facilities can be found in industrial plants, treating the industrial wastewater generated in the production process, or they can be found as part of the municipal wastewater treatment process attending to the sewage produced in water, commerce and small […]